BRITISH ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA - Judiciary

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Judiciary:

In 1772 the Dual Government System established by Robert Clive was abolished by Lord Warren Hasting and company took over the Judiciary.
Supreme Court at Calcutta was established in 1774 for the first time in India with Chief Justice of India and three Puisne Judges who were appointed by Crown. The First Chief Justice of India was Sir Eliza Impey.

Warren Hasting introduced Civil Court under Collector and Criminal Court under Indian Judges in each District.
He also established Appellate Courts the Diwani Adalat for Civil and Faujdari Adalat or Nizamat Adalat for Criminal matters.
During his period Code of Hindu Law was translated to English by N.B. Halhed

During Lord Cornwallis period Munsifs or Indian Judges were appointed in all the lower courts. He abolished barbarous punishments that prevailed in India.
He abolished District Faujdari Courts (Criminal) and established Circuit courts at Dacca, Murshidabad, Patna and Kolkatta.
In 1793 George Barlow compiled a first comprehensive code in India covering all the fields known as “Cornwallis Code”.
In 1801 at Madras and in 1823 at Bombay the Supreme Courts were established.

Lord William Bentinck abolished provincial Court of appeal and setup Diwani Adalat and Faujdari Adalat at Allahabad.
He also introduced the Jury system in Bengal in 1832.
The Privy Council was established on 13 August 1833 in Britain. It is the highest court of appeal if a case in India or any other British colonies doesn’t get solved .
The Privy Council was abolished in India by Privy Council Jurisdiction Act 1949.
Many judicial codes were created in India by British for separate judiciary process.

Civil Procedure Code 1859.

Indian Penal Code 1860.

Criminal Procedure Code 1861.

According to High Court Act of 1861 High Courts established in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras.
Thiruvarur Muthusamy was the first Indian Chief Justice of Madras High Court.
On 26 January, 1950 the Supreme Court of India was established and it is acting as Highest Court of Appeal in India.

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