EXPANSION OF BRITISH POWER IN INDIA – British vs Mysore (1767 – 1799)

First Anglo Mysore War (1767 – 1769)

Reason:

• Growing power of Hyder Ali in Peninsular region and his close relationship with French in India made British to form triple alliance with Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad against Hyder Ali.

Persons:

• Hyder Ali vs General Joseph Smith (British).
• In 1767 General Joshep Smith invaded Hyderabad but he was stopped and captured Mangalore by Hyder Ali
• In 1769 Hyder Ali attacked Madras and forced British to sign a peace treaty.
• Treaty of Madras signed on 4^th April, 1769.
• According to the treaty the captured areas returned to British, in return they promised to help Hyder Ali when Marathas attack Mysore.

Second Anglo Mysore War 1780 – 1784:

Reason:

• British did not help Hyder Ali as they promised in Treaty of Madras when Marathas attacked Mysore in 1771.
• British captured Mahe the French trade Centre which was under the protection of Hyder Ali. So Hyder Ali formed triple alliance with Marathas and Nizam against British.

Persons:

• Hyder Ali vs Sir Eyre Coote (British).

Battle of Porto Novo 1781

• Hyder Ali was defeated by Sir Eyre Coote in this battle.
• In 1782 Hyder Ali died due to Cancer and his son Tipu Sultan ascended the Throne.
• In 1783 Tipu captured British Supreme Commander Brigadier Mathews.
• British lost the American War of Independence so Warren Hastings agreed to end the war.
• The war end with Treaty of Mangalore on 7 March 1784.
• Both agreed to return the conquered Territories.

Third Anglo Mysore War (1790 – 1792):

Reason:

• Tipu Sultan sent ambassadors to France and Turkey to get help to defeat British.
• In 1789 Tipu Sultan attacked Travancore the ally of British. So British started the war.

Persons:

• Tipu Sultan vs Lord Cornwallis (British) alliance with Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad.
• Colonel Hartley defeated Tipu Sultan’s general Husain Ali at Calicut. In response Tipu captured Tiruvannamalai
• Cornwallis sent a troop under Captain Medow but Tipu Sultan defeated the troops.
• Cornwallis captured Bangalore and defeated Tipu Sultan near Srirangapatanam but retreated due to lack of provisions.
• Again with the help of Marathas Cornwallis besieged Srirangapatanam as a result Tipu accepted for Peace.
• 1792 Tipu Sultan signed in Srirangaptnam Treaty. He surrendered half of his kingdom, agreed to pay 3.6 crore war indemnity.
• Tipu Sultan’s family was imprisoned in Vellore Fort until he paid 3.6 crore war indemnity.
• British acquired Malabar, Coorg, Dindigul and Baramahal region.

Fourth Anglo Mysore War 1799:

Reason:

• Tipu Sultan sent ambassador to Arabia, Turkey, Afghanistan and France to avenge his loss in Third Anglo Mysore War.
• He correspondence with Napoleon of France.
• French officers came to Srirangapatanam established Jacobin Club and plant a Tree of Liberty.
• When Wellesley Pushed Tipu Sultan to sign Subsidiary Alliance Treaty but he refused so war started.

Persons:

• Tipu Sultan vs Lord Wellesley.
• Lord Wellesley declared war and sent troops from four sides of Mysore.
• Bombay troops under General Stuart attacked Mysore from west and Madras Army led by Arthur Wellesley attacked Srirangapattanam.
• David Baird of British defeated the troops of Tipu Sultan and entered in the Srirangapattanam on 4 May, 1799.
• Tipu Sultan shot dead by a soldier on 4^th May, 1799 as a Hero.
• Krishnaraja Udayar brought to the throne and the family of Tipu Sultan sent to Vellore Fort but after their participation in Vellore Mutiny in 1806 they shifted to Calcutta.