Explain the Principle of Aurora Borealis

Aurora Borealis

Aurora borealis is a natural light extravaganza in the Earth’s atmosphere, mostly occurring in high-altitude regions in the Arctic.
In the Antarctic area, it is called Aurora Australis.
Auroras create surreal and dynamic patterns of dazzling lights that appear as spirals, curtains, flickers, or rays that consume the whole sky.
The term “aurora” is coined from the name of the Roman goddess of Dawn, Aurora.
In ancient times, Greek poets used this term metaphorically to mention dawn or patterns of colour across the dark sky.
“Borealis” was derived from the Greek god name “Boreas”.

Creation of Aurora

Every second, highly energetic particles from the Sun crash into the Earth’s upper atmosphere.
The Earth’s magnetic field regulates these powerful rays of particles.
Particles are redirected towards the poles (arctic and Antarctic).
The dynamic process transforms into a vibrant display of colours and light.
The Sun emits charged particles from its upper or corona region at every moment.
It creates a phenomenon called the solar wind.
When such charged particles enter the upper atmosphere or ionosphere, auroras emerge.
In the northern pole, it is called aurora borealis (northern lights), while in the southern pole, it is called aurora australis (southern lights).

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