Weights and Measures Technology
- They used bronze measuring instruments to measure lands.
- Cubical chert weights have been unearthed from Harappan sites.
- The weights exhibit a binary system.
- The Ratio of weight has followed the double pattern.
- The ratio of weight is doubled as 1:2:4:8:16:32.
- The small weight measure of the 16th ratio weighs63 grams.
- They also used a measuring scale in which one inch was around 1.75 cm.
- Ivory scale found in Lothal in Gujarat is 1704 mm.
Seals Sealings and Scripts
- The seals from various media such as steatite, copper, terracotta and ivory are frequently found in the Harappan sites.
- The Harappan script has not yet been convincingly deciphered.
- The longest text has about twenty six signs.
- Some scholars are of the view that it is Dravidian.
- These characters are written one line from left to right and one line from right to left.
Arts and Amusement
- Toy carts, rattles, wheels, tops, marbles and hop scotches exhibit the amusement of the Harappan people.
Faith and Belief System
- The Indus people worshiped They worshiped the pipal tree.
- They buried the dead.
- Evidence of cremation of dead bodies has also been found.
- The Harappan burials have pottery, ornaments, jewelry, copper mirrors and beads.
- These suggest their belief in life after death.
- Worship of Mother Goddess (which symbolized fertility).
- This later became power worship.
Worship of Lord Pasupathi
- The Seals found at Harappa are engraved with the image of a seated Mahayogi.
- It has three faces and looks like a good sitting in a yoga position.
- It is surrounded by images of elephants and tigers on the right and rhinos and buffaloes on the left.
- According to Archaeologists, these worship are of Lord Shiva’ (Three Faces) Pasupathi various forms of animals, Yokeshwarar god of yogi.
Medicine
- The people of the Indus Valley used Cuttle fish bones to make medicines for eye, ear, throat and skin diseases.
Status of Women
- In the Indus Valley, women were treated equally to men.
- Evidence of this can be found as bronze face mirrors, comb made of ivory and found here.
Political System
- Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro might have had a citystate like polity.
- The uniformity in the cultural materials and measurements point to a central authority during the Harappan times.