Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar(1820-1891) & Prarthana Samaj 1867

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar(1820-1891) – Bengal

  • Vidyasagar argued that the Hindu scriptures were progressive.
  • He provided evidence from scriptures that there was no sanction for burning of widows or for the prohibition on the remarriage of widows. 
  • He was the pioneer of Modern Bengali Prose.
  • Due to the efforts of Vidyasagar, Lord Dalhousie passed Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Reform Act of 1856.
  • As a Pioneer his son Narayana Chandra married a widow.
  • It was also to the credit of Vidyasagar that the First Age Of Consent Act was enacted in 1860.
  • The age for marriage was fixed as ten years. 
  • It was raised to twelve and thirteen years in 1891 and 1925 respectively.
  • Sadly, as reported in the Age of Consent Committee (1929), the law remained on paper.

Prarthana Samaj 1867 – Bombay

  • A movement similar to the Brahmo Samaj, but founded in in, was Prarthana Samaj.
  • Founder: Dr. Atma Ram Pandurang 

The two distinguished members 

  • R.C. Bhandarkar 
  • Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade.
  • They promoted inter-caste dining, inter-caste marriage, widow remarriage and improvement of women and depressed classes.
  • They founded night schools, Asylum and Orphanages for the downtrodden people.

Ranade (1842-1901) was the founder of the 

    1. Widow Marriage Association -1861, 
    2. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha -1870,
    3. Deccan Education Society -1884. 
  • When Ranade died in 1901, his leadership was taken over by Chandavarkar.

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