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Revolt:
Revolt means take violent action by people against a government or ruler to end the authority. Sometimes this word used for more localized rebellions rather than a general uprising like Revolution.
PEASANTS REVOLTS
Farazi Movement – (1818)
- The movement started and led by Haji Shariatullah in 1818 in East Bengal region against British Land Revenue policies.
- After the death of Shariathullah in 1839 the movement led by his son Dudu Mian.
- He emphasized the egalitarian society and his slogan was “Land is belongs to God” and Collecting revenue on the land is against this doctrine.
- Many peasants joined in the movement and protest against British agrarian policies.
- In 1862 Dudu Mian died and the movement revived in 1870 by Noah Mian.
Wahhabi Rebellion (1827)
- Anti-imperial & anti landlord movement in Barasat region of Bengal.
- The movement led by Titu Mir who was influenced by Wahhabi teachings.
- So the movement came to known as Wahhabi movement.
- Titu Mir became important figure among Indian Muslim peasants.
Santhal Revolt (1855-56)
- Santhals also called as Manji lived near Rajmahal Hills (Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa).
- Landlords & moneylenders were grabbing the land on Permanent Settlement System & destroyed forest.
- Santhals called Rajmahal Hill as Damin-i-Koh (Land of Santhals). These lands were leased out to non-santhal (Dikus – Outsiders) zamindars and land lords.
- The activities of British officials and the rail road construction activities lead to Armed uprising in July 1855.
- At the battle of Mahespur they wore red cloth and it became their symbol and women also participated.
- Under the leadership of Siddhu and Kanhu, the rebels raided the houses of British officers, Zamindar and moneylenders.
- Several thousand peasants raided on Charles Maseyk’s indigo factory and pillaged.
- This invited brutal counter-insurgency measures, the army was mobilized and Santhal villages were burnt one after another with vengeance.
- In February 1856 the Leaders were captured and the revolt controlled soon.
- British announced to safeguard Santhal parganas and they passed a protection Act in 1855.
Indigo Revolt (1859 – 60)
- Most militant & widespread peasant uprising by Bengal Indigo cultivators.
- The European indigo planters compelled the tenant farmers to grow indigo and the farmer was forced to sell it cheap to the planter.
- In September 1859 the Cultivators of Nadia district gave up the Indigo cultivation under Digambar Biswas & Bishnu Charan Biswas.
- Factories were burnt down and the revolt spread to the indigo cultivating regions of Bengal.
- The peasants, both Hindu and Muslim and women also participated in the revolt.
- To take control of the situation, the Government set up an Indigo Commission in 1860.
- The recommendations became the part of the Act VI of 1862.
- Hindu Patriot the newspaper wrote about the miseries of the cultivators. (Hindu Patriot is the Bengali Newspaper established by Madhusudhan Ray and edited by Grish Chandra Ghosh)
- Nil Darpan a drama by Dinabandu Mitra in Bengali was to show the miseries of the cultivators.