National Renaissance

Ryotwari Settlements This land revenue system introduced in 1820 by Sir Thomas Munroe & Captain Read in Madras province. Later it extended to Bombay, part of Assam, Coorg province and certain other parts. 51% land of total area of British came under this system. Features Right of ownership given to Peasants which means they recognized […]

Economic policy of British Agriculture – Land revenue policy Permanent settlements System or Zamindari System – Lord Cornwallis Ryotwari System – Sir Thomas Munroe Mahalwari System – Lord William Bentinck Permanent Settlement or Zamindari System (1793): In 1765 Robert Clive introduced Annual Settlement system in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa region. In 1774 Lord Warren Hasting

Banking Hundis – a system worked as bank during medieval period in India like a Bill of Exchange. Shroffs (or) Money changers – Checking the party & value of money in current terms and also served as a Local Bankers Shroffs had changed the gold or different money into a local money in concern territories.

INDIAN ECONOMY BEFORE BRITISH: Mostly people of India live in Rural Areas and followed subsistence agriculture system. Commercial Crops produced by Indian farmers were limited like Sugarcane, Oilseeds, Cotton & Indigo. They were exported & imported mostly among Indian states. Cotton Weaving was the 2nd most important economic activity and many farmers in India practiced

Judiciary: In 1772 the Dual Government System established by Robert Clive was abolished by Lord Warren Hasting and company took over the Judiciary. Supreme Court at Calcutta was established in 1774 for the first time in India with Chief Justice of India and three Puisne Judges who were appointed by Crown. The First Chief Justice

Army: The Army of East Indian Company in India is known as Sepoy Army in European standard and commended by European Officers. This Army helped British to control Non English Europeans and Indian Rulers and also extend its rule all over Indian subcontinent. This Army helped British to control rebellions and other internal disturbances. Indians

British administration in India was mainly done by the help of the Four Pillars Civil Services Army Police Judiciary Civil Services: East Indian Company introduced this system to differentiate their Civilian employees from their Military counterpart. The work of a Civil Servant was making a Law into Action and Revenue Collection. Initially they were assigned

Doctrine of Lapse This policy is introduced by Lord Dalhousie in 1848. According to Hindu Succession Rule if a ruler doesn’t have a male heir he can adopt a son and make him as his Successor. But according to this policy if a ruler died without male heir his territory would come under British Administration

Subsidiary Alliances Policy Lord Wellesley introduced this system in 1798 as effective instrument for the expansion of territories and influences of Company in India. According to this system, every ruler in India had to accept to pay a subsidy to the British for the maintenance of British army. In return, British would protect them from

Maharaja Ranjith Singh He was from Sukerchala Misl of Sikh Confederacy. He united all the 12 Misls and became the Maharaja in 1801. He conquered many parts of Afghanistan’s territories and called as Sher-i-Punjab. Lord William Bentinck the Governor general of India met Ranjith Singh on 25th October 1831 at Rupar on the bank of