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Khol Revolt 1832
- The Khol tribes were living in Chota Nagpur & Singbhum Region (Jharkhand & Orissa).
- Leaders of this revolt were by Bindrai and Singhrai.
- Forcible eviction of tribes from their land by moneylenders led to the uprising.
- Initially the rebels were involved in plunder, arson, attacks on properties against Thikadars (tax collectors).
- Later the revolt became ferocious and the rebels started kill moneylenders and merchants.
- In 1832 the rebels took complete possession of Chotanagpur region
- Message of the leaders spread through beating of Drums.
- British suppressed the rebellion with great violence.
- On 19 March, 1832 the surrender of Bindrai ended the revolt.
Munda (1889-1900) (Ranchi)
- It’s also known as Ulugulan Rebellion (Great Tumult Movement)
- Their traditional farming method known as Khuntkatti system (Joint holding) that is Cooperative farming.
- British destroyed this system by introducing commercial farming & privatization of lands. As a result moneylenders and merchants own majority of the lands.
- They forcibly recruited Mundas as indenture labours known as Bethbegavi (Forced labour) in their very own field.
- Under the leadership of Birsha Munda, the Mundas emerged against this oppressive land tenure system.
- To unite all the Mundas, Birsa Munda declared himself as the Messenger of God and he said the God promised him to give Birsaite Raj that is Birsa kingdom.
- In1889 on Christmas day the Mundas entered into violence and used arrows against missionaries & Christian converted Mundas.
- Soon police stations and government officials were attacked.
- The result came to an end in 1900 February when Birsha Munda got arrested and he died on 09 June 1900 in the jail.
- Finally the British Government passed Chotanagpur Tenancy Act 1908 in which the entry of non-tribes into tribal land was prohibited.