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Cooperative federalism
- Cooperative federalism is a concept of a stable relationship between the centre and state governments to coordinate on issues of common interests.
NITI Aayok Initiatives
- Meetings between the Prime Minister/Cabinet Ministers and all Chief Ministers; subgroups of Chief Ministers on subjects of national importance;
- Sharing of best practices; policy support and capacity development of State/UT functionaries;
- launching of the Aspirational Districts Programme for development of backward districts;
- Theme-based extensive engagements in various sectors; framing model laws for land leasing and agriculture marketing reforms;
- Area-specific interventions for the North-Eastern and Himalayan States and island development.
- NITI Aayog has been providing relevant technical advice to the Centre, States and UTs.
- NITI has also established models and programmes for the development of infrastructure and to reignite and establish private-public partnership
- Examples – The Centre-state partnership model Development Support Services to States and Union Territories (DSSS); and the Sustainable Action for Transforming Human Capital (SATH) programme.
Legislative/Administrative
- Separation of Power: Schedule 7 of Constitution provides strict delineation of powers between center and state.
- Article 131 of the Constitution, which gives the Supreme Court exclusive jurisdiction to hear cases between states and the Centre. Ex: Chhattisgarh moved SC against NIA Act in Jan 2020
- Coalition governments: It has increased states’ bargaining power.
- Political: In relation to the imposition of President’s rule under Article 356 of the Constitution, federalism is far more mature than what it was earlier
Financial
- GST Council: Passing of GST is a shining example of cooperative federalism where States and Centre have ceded their power to tax and come up with a single tax system to realize the dream of one Economic India with ‘One Nation, One Market’.
- Since 10th FC, state’s share has been continuously increasing till 14th FC by devolving 42%.
Other Areas
- NITI Aayog: Replacing the erstwhile Planning Commission, the Aayog is promoting bottom-up approach to development planning.
- Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas involves State’s as equal partners of development. There is a move towards competitive and cooperative federalism.