Describe the various causes for the Revolt of 1857.

• The Revolt of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or the First War of Independence, was a major uprising against British East India Company rule in India.

Political Cause

1. Subsidiary alliance treaty
2. Doctrine of lapse
3. Abolition of Titles
4. Abolition of Pension
5. Western Laws

Economic cause

1. Drain of Wealth
2. Deindustrialization
3. India Rural economy
4. New land revenue policy
5. High tariff
6. Plantation system

Social cause

1. Racism
2. Indiscrimination
3. Christian Missionaries
4. Western Education
5. Natives lost identity
6. Tribal’s lost identity
7. Social legislation – Sati

Military cause

1. Low salary
2. Poor promotion
3. No social values
4. Religious sentiment affected
5. Batta (or) foreign allowance
6. War outside India
7. Greased Cartridge

Failure

1. Not whole India
2. Middle-class intelligentsia aloof
3. No leadership
4. Lack of organization
5. No common plan of action
6. Lack of modern weapons
7. Communal divide
8. Selfishness of leaders
9. British resources
10. Superior military weapons and techniques of British
11. Telegraph and Postal