Group – 1 Mains Exam Topics

Advent of Europeans – Colonialism and Imperialism Establishment, Expansion and Consolidation of British Rule – Early uprising against British Rule – South Indian Rebellion 1799-1801. A.D. – Vellore Rebellion 1806 A.D. – Sepoy mutiny of 1857 A.D.  – Indian National Movements – Moderation Extremism and Terrorism Movements of Indian Patriotism – Significant Indian National Leaders – Rabindranath Tagore, Maulana Abulkalam Azad, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, B.R.Ambedkar and Vallabhai Patel Constitutional Developments in India from 1773 to 1950 – Second World War and Final Phase of Independence Struggle – Partition of India – Role of Tamil Nadu in Freedom Struggle – Subramanya Siva – Subramania Bharathiyar, V. O. Chidambaranar, C.Rajagopalachariyar, Thanthai Periyar, Kamarajar and others.
Impact of British Rule on Socio-Economic Affairs – National Renaissance Movement – Socio-Religious Reform Movements – Social Reform and Educational Reform Acts
India since Independence – Salient features of Indian Culture – Unity in Diversity – Race – Language – Religion, Customs and Rituals – India, a Secular State – Organizations for Fine Arts, Dance, Drama and Music.
Emergence of “Social Justice” Ideology in Tamil Nadu Origin, Growth, Decay and achievements of Justice Party – Socio-Political Movements and its achievements after Justice Party.
Cultural Panorama – National Symbols – Eminent Personalities in Cultural Field Latest Historical Research Developments in Tamil Nadu Archaeological Excavation in Tamil Nadu Adhichanallur, Arikkamedu, Keeladi, Konthakai, Manalur, Sivakalai and etc Latest diary of events: National and International Sports & Games – Books & Authors Awards & Honours – Latest terminology Appointments who is who?

Population Explosion – Fertility, Mortality – Population Control Programmes – Migration, Poverty – Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India and – Skill Based Education and Programmes – E-Learning.
Tamil Nadu – Illiteracy – Dropouts – Right to Education – Women Education Child labour and Child Abuse: Child Education – Child School Dropouts – Child Abuse – Laws to protect Child Abuse – Child Protection and Welfare Schemes.
Sanitation: Rural and Urban Sanitation – Role of Panchayat Raj and Urban Development Agencies in Sanitation Schemes and Programmes – Urban Waste Management.
Women Empowerment in India: Social Justice to Women – Schemes and Programmes. Domestic Violence – Dowry Menace – Sexual Assault -Laws and Awareness Programmes – Prevention of Violence against Women – Role of Government and NGOs in Women Empowerment – Schemes and Programmes.
Social Changes in India: Urbanization Policy, Planning and Programmes in India and Tamil Nadu Comparative study on Social and Economic indicators – Impact of Violence on Society – Religious Violence – Terrorism and Communal Violence – Causes Steps to Control and Awareness – Problems of Minorities – Human Rights Issues – Regional Disparities in India – Causes and Remedies.
Social Development in India: Approaches – Models – Policies and Programmes – Linkage between Education and Social Development- Community Development Programmes – Employment Guarantee Schemes – Self Employment and Entrepreneurship Development – Role of NGOs in Social Development – Education – Health and Human Development – Health Care Problems in India – Children, Adolescents, Women and Aged – Health Policy in India – Schemes – Health Care Programmes in India.
Vulnerable Sections of the population in India: Problems – Laws and Punishments Various Welfare Programmes to Vulnerable Sections by State, Central Government and NGOs.
Current Affairs – SOCIAL ISSUES IN INDIA AND TAMIL NADU

Ethics and Human Interface: Definition and scope of Ethics – Ethics of Indian Schools of Philosophy Ethics of Thirukkural; Kinds of Ethics: Intuitionism – Existentialism Duties and Responsibility – Moral Judgements – Moral Absolutism – Moral Obligation.
Attitude: Its Influence and relation with thought and behaviour – Moral and Political attitudes:
Ethics in Public Administration: Philosophical basis of governance and Probity in Governance Codes of Ethics and Conduct: Primary responsibilities of public service professionals – Transparency of Information sharing and service delivery – Professional and Non-Professional interaction – Potentially beneficial interaction Maintenance of confidentiality of records – Disclosure of Information – Boundaries of competence Consultation on Ethical obligation Ethics and Non-discrimination – Citizen’s Charters Challenges of corruption Ethics of Public polity Determination.

Constitution of India
Historical Background – Making of the Indian Constitution – Preamble – Salient features of Indian Constitution – Parts, Articles and Schedules – Amendments – Citizenship.
Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties- Directive Principles of State Policy.
Structure, Power and Functions of Governments
Union Government:
Legislature: Parliament -Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha
Executive: President, Vice-President – Prime Minister & Council of Ministers – Constitutional Authorities
Judiciary: Supreme Court – Judicial Review – Judicial activism – Latest Verdicts.
State Government:
Legislature: State Legislative Assembly – State Legislative Council
Executive: Governor – Chief Minister – Council of Ministers.
Judiciary: High Court – District Courts – Subordinate Courts – Tribunals.
Local Government.
Rural & Urban Local Governments -Historical background – 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts.
Union Territories:
Evolution – Administration.
Federalism
Indian Federal System – Differentiating from other forms of federalism. Union-State Relations: Legislative, Administrative and Financial Relations.
Indian Administration
Civil Services in India: Historical background – Classification of Civil Services –Central & State Services – Recruitment & Training.

Political Parties: National and Regional – Pressure groups- Public opinion – Mass Media-Social Media- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
Administrative Reforms: Central Vigilance Commission – Anti-Corruption Measures – Lokadalat – Lokayukta – Lokpal – Ombudsman in India – RTI Act – Citizen’s Grievances and Administrative Reform Commission Administrative Tribunals.
Profile of Indian States
Demography – State Language – Developmental Programmes – Tourism – e-governance.
India and World:
India’s foreign policy – India’s relationship with world countries – Defence and National Security – Nuclear Policy – Terrorism – Human Rights and Environmental issues – International Organisations- Pacts & Summits. Current Affairs – Polity

Science and Technology – Role, Achievements and Developments – Their applications and Impacts.
Elements and Compounds, Acids, Bases and Salts Oxidation and reduction. Carbon, Nitrogen and their compounds – Chemistry of Ores and Metals – Fertilizers, Pesticides, Insecticides – Polymer and Plastics – Corrosion – Chemistry in everyday life Energy- Renewable and Non- Renewable – Self sufficiency – Oils and Minerals exploration.
Space Research – Nano Science and Technology – Application of Nano- materials- Remote sensing techniques and benefits.
Advancements in the fields of Information Technology – Robotics and Automation – Artificial Intelligence – Mobile Communication. Computer system Architecture, Operating System, Computer Networks, Cryptography and Network security, Relational Database Management System, Software Engineering, Image Processing, Machine Learning.
Cropping pattern in India – Organic farming – Agriculture Biotechnology – Commercially available Genetically Modified Crops – Eco, Social impact of Genetically Modified Crops – Intellectual Property Rights, Bio Safety.
Floriculture, Olericulture, Pomology & Medicinal Plants, Conventional & Modern Propagation Technique, Glass House Hydroponics Bonsai – Garden features & operations – methods to preserve fruits and vegetables Biodiversity Insitu & Exsitu Conservation, Genetic Engineering & its importance in Agriculture- Integrated farming – Vermiculture.
Main concepts of Life Science the cell the basic unit of life- classification of living organism Nutrition and Dietetics – Respiration – blood and blood circulation – Endocrine system – Excretion of metabolic wastes reproductive system animals and human-bio communication – Pheromones and allelochemicals-Genetics science of heredity – Environment – Ecology – importance and conservation of wildlife – Health and hygiene – Human diseases – communicable and non-communicable diseases – preventions and remedies – Alcoholism and drug abuse- Genetic engineering organ transplantation Stem Cell Technology – Forensic science – Solid waste management – Sewage treatment.
Government policy – Organisations in Science and Technology – Role and Functions Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) – Ocean Research and Development – Medical Tourism – Achievements of Indians in the fields of Science and Technology – Latest inventions in Science & Technology. Current Affairs – S & T

1) Origin and Development of Tamilian – Palm leaf Manuscript – Document – Excavation (Keeladi, Sivakalai, Porpanaikottai)
2) Arts, Science and Culture: Literature, Music, Drama and other arts – Science Culture (Internal and External)
3) Tamil Society and the condition of Business – Sangam Age – Medieval age – Modern Age
4) Growth of Rationalist – Origin and Development of Dravidian Movements in Tamil Nadu – Their contribution in Socio and Economic development.
5) Socio and Cultural life of the modern Tamilian: Caste, Religion, Women, Polity, Education, Economics, Commerce and Relationship with other countries Tamil Diaspora.
6) Development of modern Tamils: Print Edition Translation – Film Industries – Computer and Media.

Earth and Universe: Solar System – Atmosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Biosphere.
India and Tamil Nadu: Location Physical Divisions – Drainage
Weather and Climate: Monsoon, Rainfall – Impact of Climate change
Natural Resources: Soll, Natural Vegetation, Wildlife – Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects – Mineral Resources Energy Resources Natural Hazards and Disasters – Agriculture: Crops, Livestock, Fisheries, Agricultural Revolutions – Industries
Population: Growth, Distribution and Density Migration Races, Tribes Linguistics and Religions – Transport Communication and Trade – Tourism

Geo Politics: Border Disputes.
Ocean and Sea: Bottom relief features of Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.
Geospatial Technology: Remote Sensing, Geographical Information. System (GIS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).
Map: Locating features and Places.
Current Affairs – Geography

Ecology: Structure and function of Ecosystem – Ecological succession – Ecosystem services – Biodiversity conservation Biodiversity Types Biodiversity Hot Spots in India
Biodiversity: Significance and Threats – In situ and Ex situ conservation measures Roles of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) & Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) – Biodiversity Act.
Environmental Pollution and Management: Air, Water, Soil, Thermal and Noise pollution – Pollution Prevention and control strategies – Solid and Hazardous waste management – Environmental Standards and Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Steps in EIA process – Environmental Clearance – Environmental Auditing.

Sustainable Development: Global Environmental Issues and Management – Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Targets Climate Change – Changes in monsoon pattern in Tamil Nadu, India and Global scenario – Environmental consequences of climate change and mitigation measures – Clean and Green Energy – Paris Agreement – Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Environmental Laws, Policies & Treaties in India and Global scenario – Natural calamities, Manmade Disasters – Disaster Management and National Disaster Management Authority – Sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction – Environmental Health and Sanitation. Current Affairs – Environment

Features of Indian Economy – Demographical profile of India – National Income – Capital formation – NEP (New Economic Policy) NITI AYOG – National Development Council.
Agriculture – Role of Agriculture – Land reforms – New Agricultural Strategy – Green Revolution Price Policy, Public Distribution System (PDS), Subsidy, Food Security Agricultural Marketing, Crop Insurance, Labour Rural credit & Indebtness, WTO & Agriculture.
Industry Growth Policy, Role of public sector and disinvestment – Privatisation and Liberalization – Public Private Partnership (PPP) SEZs. MSMEs. – Make in India.
Infrastructure in India – Transport System – Energy – Power Communication –  Social Infrastructure – Science & Technology – R&D.
Banking & Finance Banking, Money & Finance – Central Bank, Commercial Bank, NBFIS. Stock Market – Financial Reforms – Financial Stability – Monetary Policy RBI & Autonomy.
Public Finance – Sources of Revenue Tax & Non-Tax Revenue – Canons of taxation, GST – Public expenditure – Public debt – Finance Commission – Fiscal Policy.

Issues in Indian Economy – Poverty & inequality – Poverty alleviation programmes, MGNREGA, New Welfare programmes for rural poverty, Unemployment, Inflation, Inflation targeting, Sustainable economic growth – Gender issues.
India’s Foreign Trade – BOP, EX-IM Policy, FOREX Market, FDI; Globalization & its impact Global economic crisis & impact on Indian economy.
International Agencies – IMF (International Monetary Fund) World Bank – BRICS SAARC – ASEAN.
Tamil Nadu Economy & Issues – Gross State Domestic Product – Trends in State’s economic growth – Demographic profile of Tamil Nadu – Agriculture – Industry & entrepreneurship development in Tamil Nadu – Infrastructure – Power, Transportation systems Social Infrastructure, SHGS.  Rural Women – empowerment – Rural poverty & unemployment – Environmental issues – Regional economic disparities – Local Government – Recent government welfare programmes.
Current Affairs – ECONOMY

Current issues at National level

Current issue at State Level